Halloween Costume ideas 2015
Articles by "bcsbook"
Twitter Facebook

September 20, 2017 , , , , , ,


What is Software Security Building Security ?



Software is easy to criticize and hard to do. The bigger the software, the more that is true.
It is thus like speech—the more you say, the easier it is for the reader to find something
to criticize, and the more likely the critic will get it wrong. Brevity may be the soul of
wit, but it is wit that is the soul of brevity.
And, indeed, our software is nothing if not loquacious, slang-riven, ill-bred, bloated, and
raw. Is it any wonder that software is as prone to misinterpretation as is our language, any
wonder that our software, like our language, can be "twisted by knaves to make a trap for
fools?" No, it is not, but, as with language, everything we collectively are now depends
on software. Software is so very essential that it is unlikely that the world's population
would be as great as it now is without software—software to transport, to transact, to
transcribe, to translate, to transmit, to transform. In other words, the evidence is
unarguable that we have to get software right, just as the evidence is unarguable that
getting software right does not, and will not, come naturally.
As Dr. McGraw reminds us, breaking something is easier than designing something that
cannot be broken, though I personally prefer Sam Rayburn's earthy formulation, viz.:
"Any jackass can kick down a barn, but it takes a good carpenter to build one." And that
is what makes secure software in particular the pinnacle of concern because the very
definition of secure software is that it withstands sentient opponents. Parsing that
definition in its contrapositive: If a product does not have sentient opponents, then it does
not have security requirements. This is best examined by looking at why products fail—if
your product fails because of a collection of clueless users ("Hey, watch this!"), alpha
particles, or discharged batteries, security is not your issue. If your product fails because
some gleeful clown discovers that he can be the super-user by typing 5000 lowercase As
into some prompt, said clown may not be all that sentient, but nevertheless your product
has security requirements.
This can't be a completely bright line, but it is an instructive distinction. Secure software
is, by definition, designed with failure in mind. Secure software resists failure even when
that failure is devoutly wished for by the opponent. Secure software is designed for the
failure case as much as or more than the success case. Designers and implementers alike
envision an opponent who can think.
As Dr. McGraw says throughout this book, baking in security only happens when there is
intent to do so. My father used to scold me when my excuse for this or that was "I didn't
mean to do it, Daddy." His stinging comeback, for which I am a better man, was always
"But did you mean not to?" Given what I do for a living, I read vulnerability reports
every day. Every one of them says, "I didn't mean to do it, Daddy." Sometimes they even
try to say, "I didn't do it, but if I did I didn't mean to, and anyway you didn't notice, so all
you have to do is install this tiny little fix unless you want what happens next to be your
fault; aren't I a good boy?" I want to scream "Did you mean not to?" even though the
honest answer will at best be "I thought I meant not to."


Download Software Security Building Security by Gary McGraw
Twitter Facebook

September 20, 2017 , , , , , ,


What Is Software Security by Micheal Howard Book ?


The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-162675-0, MHID: 0-07-162675-1
All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked
name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.
Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.
McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate
training programs. To contact a representative please e-mail us at bulksales@mcgraw-hill.com.
Information has been obtained by McGraw-Hill from sources believed to be reliable. However, because of the possibility of human or
mechanical error by our sources, McGraw-Hill, or others, McGraw-Hill does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of
any information and is not responsible for any errors or omissions or the results obtained from the use of such information.
TERMS OF USE
This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work.
Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one
copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon,
transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use
the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may
be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.
THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS
TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK,
INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE,
AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not
warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or
error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless
of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information
accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special,
punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised
of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause
arises in contract, tort or otherwise.

Download Software Security by Michael Howard,David LeBlanc, JohnViega
Twitter Facebook

September 20, 2017 , , , , , ,


 What is Secure Coding Principles & Practices ?

This is book about Despite the myriad manifestations and different targets, nearly all
attacks on computer systems have one fundamental cause: the
code used to run far too many systems today is not secure. Flaws
in its design, implementation, testing, and operations allow
attackers all-too-easy access. Secure Coding: Principles &
Practices looks at the problem of bad code in a new way. Packed
with advice based on the authors' decades of experience in the
computer security field, this concise and highly readable book
explains why so much code today is filled with vulnerabilities, and
tells readers what they must do to avoid writing code that can be
exploited by attackers.


Download Secure Coding Principles & Practices by Mark G Graff,Kenneth,R Van Wyk
Twitter Facebook

September 20, 2017 , , , , , ,

What Is Writing Source Code ?


PUBLISHED BY

Microsoft Press
A Division of Microsoft Corporation
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Howard, Michael, 1965
Writing Secure Code / Michael Howard, David LeBlanc.
p. cm.
ISBN 0-7356-1588-8
1. Computer security. 2. Data encryption (Computer science) I. LeBlanc, David, 1960
II. Title.
QA76.9.A25 H698 2001
005.8--dc21 2001044546
Printed and bound in the United States of America.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QWE 6 5 4 3 2
Distributed in Canada by Penguin Books Canada Limited.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further
information about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact
Microsoft Press International directly at fax (425) 706-7329. Visit our Web site at
www.microsoft.com/mspress. Send comments to mspinput@microsoft.com.
Active Directory, ActiveX, Authenticode, Hotmail, Jscript, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, MS-DOS,
MSDN, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual Studio, Win32, Windows, and Windows NT are either
registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places,
and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product,
domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
Acquisitions Editor: Danielle Bird
Project Editor: Devon Musgrave
Technical Editor: Julie Xiao
Dedication
To Blake, God’s little gift to Cheryl and me. To Cheryl, Blake could not ask for a more wonderful mother.

— Michael

To Jennifer, for putting up with many lost weekends when we could have been out horseback riding. —
David
In memory of all those people who needlessly perished on September 11, 2001.

Foreword

Improving security was a major focus while we were developing Windows 2000. At one point, we
decided to run an unusual experiment to test the product’s mettle before we released it. We set up a
Windows 2000 Web server called “Windows2000test.com,” put it out there, and waited to see what
happened. We made no announcement of any kind; we didn’t call any attention to it in any way
whatsoever. Within a couple of hours, hundreds of people were already trying to hack it. Within days, tens
of thousands of people were hammering away.
These days, as soon as a product gets into their hands, hackers begin an intensive effort to find and exploit
security holes. If the product developers don’t make an equally intensive effort to build security into their
code, the hackers will almost surely succeed. A product’s security is every bit as important as its features.
Don’t get me wrong—people would have no reason to buy a product without great features. But while
developers know how to build features, they often don’t know how to design and build security. This
book changes that.
Writing Secure Code offers practical insights into secure design, secure coding, and testing techniques,
many of which are not documented elsewhere. It will give you a richer understanding of what it takes to
build secure applications. Michael and David are, respectively, members of the Secure Windows
Initiative and the Trustworthy Computing Security Team at Microsoft. They have witnessed firsthand the
sometimes basic coding mistakes that undermine product security, and their projects have helped us
significantly improve how we designed and implemented security in products such as Windows 2000 and
Windows XP. Their goal in writing this book is to pass on to you, the developer community, everything
Microsoft has learned.

Brian Valentine

Senior Vice President, Windows Division
Microsoft Corporation
Acknowledgments
When you look at the cover of this book, you see the names of only two authors, but this book would be
nothing if we didn’t get help and input from numerous people. We pestered some people until they were
sick of us, but still they were only too happy to help.
First, we’d like to thank the Microsoft Press folks, including Danielle Bird for agreeing to take on this
book, Devon Musgrave for turning “Geek” into English and managing not to complain too much, and Julie
Xiao for making sure we were not lying. Much thanks also to Elizabeth Hansford for laying out pages,
Rob Nance for the part opener art, and Shawn Peck for copyediting.
Many people answered questions to help make this book as accurate as possible, including the following
from Microsoft: Saji Abraham, Eli Allen, John Biccum, Scott Culp, Thomas Deml, Monica Ene-
Pietrosanu, Sean Finnegan, Tim Fleehart, Damian Haase, David Hubbard, Mike Lai, Louis Lafreniere,
Brian LaMacchia, John Lambert, Lawrence Landauer, Paul Leach, Terry Leeper, Steve Lipner, Rui
Maximo, Daryl Pecelj, Jon Pincus, Fritz Sands, Eric Schultze, Alex Stockton, Matt Thomlinson, Hank
Voight, Chris Walker, Richard Ward, Richard Waymire, Mark Zbikowski, and Mark Zhou.
We’d especially like to thank the following ’softies: Russ Wolfe, who explained numerous Unicode and
UTF-8 issues and wouldn’t shut up until we had the issues documented adequately. Kamen Moutafov, a
genuinely nice guy, who spent numerous hours helping with the RPC section. He’s one of those developers
who answers stupid questions without making you feel dumb. Erik Olsen went to great lengths to make
sure the .NET issues were nailed down. If it weren’t for Erik, Chapter 13 would be tiny. Eric Jarvi read
most all the chapters and helped immensely by offering numerous improvements, most of which started
with, “You really should explain…”
We want to point out that Kamen, Erik, and Eric rock. They diligently reviewed material while they were
in the final stages of shipping their respective products: Windows XP, the .NET Framework, and Visual
Studio .NET. It would have been easy for them to say, “I’m busy, leave me alone,” but they didn’t. They
could see that some short-term time spent getting this book right would have long-term benefits for
themselves (as they won’t have to answer the same questions time and again), for Microsoft, and, most
important, for our shared and valued customers.
Many outside Microsoft gave their time to help us with this book. We’d like to give our greatest thanks to
Rain Forest Puppy for providing first-rate Web security comments. By the way, Mr. Puppy, no offense
taken! John Pescatore of Gartner Inc. for his insightful (and blunt) comments, which helped shape the
early chapters. Professor Jesper Johansson of Boston University, who read every word, sentence,
paragraph, and chapter of the book and had comments on every word, sentence, paragraph, and chapter of
the book! Leslee LaFountain of the NSA for showing such great interest in this book. And, finally, the
Secure Windows Initiative team.


Download Writing Source Code by Micheal Howard
Twitter Facebook

August 25, 2017 , , , , , ,

What is Object Oriented Programming ?




 The Basics: Object Oriented Programming Concepts
If you are new to object-oriented programming languages, you will need to know a few basics before you can get started with code. The following Webopedia definitions will help you better understand object-oriented programming:
Abstraction: The process of picking out (abstracting) common features of objects and procedures.
Class: A category of objects. The class defines all the common properties of the different objects that belong to it.
Encapsulation: The process of combining elements to create a new entity. A procedure is a type of encapsulation because it combines a series of computer instructions.
Information hiding: The process of hiding details of an object or function. Information hiding is a powerful programming technique because it reduces complexity.
Inheritance: a feature that represents the "is a" relationship between different classes.

Interface:

 the languages and codes that the applications use to communicate with each other and with the hardware.
Messaging: Message passing is a form of communication used in parallel programming and object-oriented programming.
Object: a self-contained entity that consists of both data and procedures to manipulate the data.

Polymorphism :

 A programming language's ability to process objects differently depending on their data type or class.
Procedure: a section of a program that performs a specific task.

Advantages of Object Oriented Programming

One of the principal advantages of object-oriented programming techniques over procedural programming techniques is that they enable programmers to create modules that do not need to be changed when a new type of object is added. A programmer can simply create a new object that inherits many of its features from existing objects. This makes object-oriented programs easier to modify.
OOPL - Object Oriented Programming Languages
An object-oriented programming language (OOPL) is a high-level programming language based on the object-oriented model. To perform object-oriented programming, one needs an object-oriented programming language.  Many modern programming languages are object-oriented, however some older programming languages, such as Pascal, do offer object-oriented versions. Examples of object-oriented programming languages include Java, C++ and Smalltalk.
The First  OOPL
Simula, developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo, is considered to be the first object-oriented programming language. Despite being first, Smalltalk is considered to be the only true object-oriented programming environment and the one against which all others must be compared. It was first developed for educational use at Xerox Corporation's Palo Alto Research Center in the late 1960s and released in 1972.



Definition:

OOP is an object-oriented programming technique that combines data and instructions for processing that data into an object that can be used within the program. Object-oriented programming provides concepts that help modelling complicated systems of real world into manageable software solutions. 


Description: OOP concepts are: 


 1) Objects: Objects are structures that contain both data and procedures. For example, a student is an object which has name and age, 

 2) Class: A class is a template that explains the details of an object, 

 3) Inheritance: Inheritance is a technique to re-use existing code again and again. Class that is inherited is called base class and a class which it inherits is called derived class, 

 4) Polymorphism: Polymorphism means many, which is requesting the same operation to perform differently, 

 5) Abstractions: It refers to displaying only essential features of the application and covering the details, 6) Encapsulation: It means wrapping the data and functions together into a class. 

 Examples of object-oriented languages are Java, C++, PHP, C, Python etc. 

 Key features of object-oriented programming are: 

 · better programming designs 

 · emphasis on security and access 

 · reduction code duplication 

 · real world application is modelled well 

Advantages of OOPs over procedure-oriented programming (POP): With the help of OOPs, it will be easier for developing and maintaining the software compared to POP. It will be difficult for the procedure-oriented programming language when the code grows along with the growth of the project size. Data hiding is enabled in the OOPs whereas the global data could be accessed anywhere using the procedure-oriented programming language. So this process is risky. Simulating the real world event effectively is easier with OOPs. Thus, the real-word problem can be solved using this method. The procedure-oriented programming language is less effective compared to OOPs

Download Object Oriented Programming 4th Edition
Twitter Facebook

August 25, 2017 , , , , , , , ,


What Is Management According To Kotler?
"Marketing management is 'the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value' (Kotler and Keller, 2008: 5)."

 The concept reviews the process used to determine what products or services may be of interest to customers and the strategy to use for marketing mix. It also explores the process of understanding, creating and delivering value to targeted business markets and customers.

Marketing Management Definition


 Marketing is the process used to determine what products or services may be of interest to customers and the strategy to use in sales, communications and business development (Kotler et al. 1996). The American Association of Marketing define marketing management as the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services in order to create, exchange and satisfy individual and organisational objectives (Grönroos, 1989).

 Management is the process of reaching organizational goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources.

 Management has the following 3 characteristics:
It is a process or series of continuing and related activities.
It involves and concentrates on reaching organizational goals.
It reaches these goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources.


MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS:
The 4 basic management functions that make up the management process are described in the following sections:

PLANNINGORGANIZINGINFLUENCINGCONTROLLING

PLANNING:


 Planning involves choosing tasks that must be performed to attain organizational goals, outlining how the tasks must be performed, and indicating when they should be performed.

 Planning activity focuses on attaining goals. Managers outline exactly what organizations should do to be successful. Planning is concerned with the success of the organization in the short term as well as in the long term.

ORGANIZING:
Organizing can be thought of as assigning the tasks developed in the planning stages, to various individuals or groups within the organization. Organizing is to create a mechanism to put plans into action.

 People within the organization are given work assignments that contribute to the company’s goals. Tasks are organized so that the output of each individual contributes to the success of departments, which, in turn, contributes to the success of divisions, which ultimately contributes to the success of the organization.

INFLUENCING:
Influencing is also referred to as motivating,leading or directing.Influencing can be defined as guiding the activities of organization members in he direction that helps the organization move towards the fulfillment of the goals.

 The purpose of influencing is to increase productivity. Human-oriented work situations usually generate higher levels of production over the long term than do task oriented work situations because people find the latter type distasteful.

CONTROLLING:
Controlling is the following roles played by the manager:

 Gather information that measures performance
Compare present performance to pre established performance norms.
Determine the next action plan and modifications for meeting the desired performance parameters.
Controlling is an ongoing process.
Download Kotler Markeeting Management Book
Twitter Facebook

August 24, 2017 , , , , , , , ,



What is 'Marketing'

Marketing are activities of a company associated with buying and selling a product or service. It includes advertising, selling and delivering products to people. People who work in marketing departments of companies try to get the attention of target audiences by using slogans, packaging design, celebrity endorsements and general media exposure.

BREAKING DOWN 'Marketing'

Marketing is everything a company does to acquire customers and maintain a relationship with them. Even the small tasks like writing thank-you letters, playing golf with a prospective client, returning calls promptly and meeting with a past client for coffee can be thought of as marketing. The ultimate goal of marketing is to match a company's products and services to the people who need and want them, thereby ensuring profitability.
The four P's of marketing are product, place, price and promotion.

 Product refers to an item or items a business intends to sell. When examining a product, questions should be asked such as, what product is being sold? What differentiates the product from its competitors? Can the product be marketed with a secondary product? And are there substitute products in the market?

 Price refers to how much the product is likely to cost. When establishing price, considerations needs to be given to cost the unit cost price, marketing costs and distribution expenses.

 Place refers to distribution of the product. Key considerations include whether the product is going to be sold through a physical store front, online or made available through both distribution channels?

 Finally, promotion refers to the integrated marketing communications campaign. Promotional activities may include advertising, personal selling, sales promotions, public relations, direct marketing, sponsorship and guerrilla marketing. Promotions are likely to vary being dependent on what stage of product life cycle the product is currently in. Marketers must be aware that consumers associate a product’s price and distribution with its quality, and would be prudent to take this into account when devising the overall marketing strategy.


Online Marketing

As of 2015, approximately 70% of U.S. adults shop online at least monthly, and 33% are thought to shop online every week. Online sales in the United States are expected to increase from $335 billion in 2015 to $523 billion in 2020, a staggering rise of 56%. Taking these statistics into consideration, it is vital for marketers to utilize online tools such as social media and digital advertising, both on website and mobile device applications, as well as internet forums. Considering an appropriate distribution channel for products purchased online is also an important step in the process. Online marketing is a critical element of a complete marketing strategy.
There are many different definitions of marketing. Consider some of the following alternative definitions:
“The all-embracing function that links the business with customer needs and wants in order to get the right product to the right place at the right time”

 “The achievement of corporate goals through meeting and exceeding customer needs better than the competition”

 “The management process that identifies, anticipates and supplies customer requirements efficiently and profitably”

 “Marketing may be defined as a set of human activities directed at facilitating and consummating exchanges”

 Which definition is right? In short, they all are. They all try to embody the essence of marketing:
Marketing is about meeting the needs and wants of customers; Marketing is a business-wide function – it is not something that operates alone from other business activities; Marketing is about understanding customers and finding ways to provide products or services which customers demand

Download Markeeting Management 13th Edition

Twitter Facebook

August 24, 2017 , , , , , ,

   CONTENTS
PART 1: PROBLEM SOLUTIONS ............................................................................................1
CHAPTER 1 Introductory Concepts ............................................................................................2
CHAPTER 2 Number Systems, Operations, and Codes ..............................................................7
CHAPTER 3 Logic Gates ..........................................................................................................23
CHAPTER 4 Boolean Algebra and Logic Simplification..........................................................35
CHAPTER 5 Combinational Logic Analysis.............................................................................60
CHAPTER 6 Functions of Combinational Logic.......................................................................95
CHAPTER 7 Latches, Flip-Flops, and Timers.........................................................................115
CHAPTER 8 Counters .............................................................................................................130
CHAPTER 9 Shift Registers ...................................................................................................159
CHAPTER 10 Memory and Storage ..........................................................................................175
CHAPTER 11 Programmable Logic and Software....................................................................185
CHAPTER 12 Signal Interfacing and Processing ......................................................................195
CHAPTER 13 Computer Concepts ............................................................................................204
CHAPTER 14 Integrated Circuit Technologies .........................................................................210
PART 2: SYSTEM APPLICATION ACTIVITY SOLUTIONS ..........................................217
CHAPTER 4 ............................................................................................................................218
CHAPTER 5 ............................................................................................................................221
CHAPTER 6 ............................................................................................................................223
CHAPTER 7 ............................................................................................................................228
CHAPTER 8 ............................................................................................................................230
CHAPTER 9 ............................................................................................................................233
CHAPTER 10 ............................................................................................................................234
CHAPTER 11 ............................................................................................................................235
PART 3: OVERVIEW OF IEEE STD. 91-1984 .....................................................................239
PART 4: LABORATORY SOLUTIONS FOR EXPERIMENTS IN DIGITAL
FUNDAMENTALS by David Buchla......................................................................265
iii


Download Digital Fundamentals By Floyd 10th Edition

Twitter Facebook

August 24, 2017 , , , , , , , , ,

What is Linear Algebra?


 Linear Algebra is a branch of mathematics as old as mathematics 
itself. The solving of the simple linear equation ax + b = 0 may be 
considered as the original problem of this subject. Although this 
problem presents absolutely no difficulty at all, the method which 
solves it (i.e. if a ‚ 0, then the unique solution is given by x = 
(-b)/a, no solution if a=0 and b ‚ 0 and infinitely many solutions if 
both a and b are zero), together with the properties of the 
corresponding linear function y=ax+b, are fundamental models for the 
ideas and methods of all of linear algebra. For example, the basic 
idea behind the solution of a system of linear equations in several 
unknowns is that of replacing such a system by a chain of these 
simple equations (by "eliminating" the variables).

 The study of systems of linear equations acquired a new significance 
after the creation of analytic geometry (by Réné Descartes); it was 
possible to reduce all the fundamental questions about the 
arrangements of lines and planes in space to the investigation of 
such algebraic systems. Here we see a fantastic idea which is the 
undercurrent of most mathematical processes:

 Start from a problem in geometry, translate the problem in 
the language of algebra, solve the resulting algebra problem using the 
algebraic tools and finally transport the solution back to geometry.

 We will encounter several such examples of this process in our 
course. This process of back-and-forth translation itself leads to 
new discoveries in linear algebra. For example, the search in the 
18th century for the general solution of n equations in n unknowns 
led Leibnitz and Cramer to the notion of determinants. I can go on 
and on but let me stop with this observation: today we can safely 
declare that there is no branch of science which does not apply 
Linear Algebra. The real world applications need Linear Algebra. That 
is, perhaps, one reason why we demand Linear Algebra (and her sister, 
Calculus) as a pre-requisite for all programs in the Faculty of 
Science (and even in Economics, Engineering and Business 
Administration). Enjoy the course!

 R. Padmanabhan 

 A First Course in Linear Algebra is an introductory textbook designed for university sophomores and juniors. Typically such a student will have taken calculus, but this is not a prerequisite. The book begins with systems of linear equations, then covers matrix algebra, before taking up finite-dimensional vector spaces in full generality. The final chapter covers matrix representations of linear transformations, through diagonalization, change of basis and Jordan canonical form. Along the way, determinants and eigenvalues get fair time. There is a comprehensive online edition and PDF versions are available to download for printing or on-screen viewing. Physical copies may be purchased from the print-on-demand service at Lulu.com.

 It seems therefore desirable to give permanent form to the lessons of experience so that others can benefit by them and be encouraged to undertake similar work.
H.M. Cundy and A.P. Rollet, Mathematical Models, 1952

 This textbook has more freedom than most (but see some exceptions). First, there is no cost to acquire this text, and you are under no obligation whatsoever to compensate or donate to the author or publisher. So in this most basic sense, it is a free textbook. Therefore you can also make as many copies as you like, ensuring that the book will never go out-of-print. You may modify copies of the book for your own use - for example, you may wish to change to a prefered notation for certain objects or add a few new sections. I have applied a copyright to the book, and subsequently licensed it with a GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL). It is this combination that allows me to give you greater freedoms in how you use the text, thus liberating it from some of the antiquated notions of copyright that apply to books in physical form. The main caveat is that if you make modifications and then distribute a modified version, you are required to again apply the GFDL license to the result so that others may benefit from your modifications.

 If nature has made any one thing less susceptible than all others of exclusive property, it is the action of the thinking power called an idea, which an individual may exclusively possess as long as he keeps it to himself; but the moment it is divulged, it forces itself into the possession of every one, and the receiver cannot dispossess himself of it. Its peculiar character, too, is that no one possesses the less, because every other possesses the whole of it.
Thomas Jefferson, Letter to Isaac McPherson, August 13, 1813

 It is hoped that by this arrangement, others will help improve the book through rapid correction of errors and contributions of exercises and new material. Examine an evaluation copy, and if you like what you see, consider a donation or purchase to support this experiment in providing quality textbooks at reasonable prices.

 "Instructors who wish to teach a pure linear algebra course that emphasizes rigor and formal mathematics will be able to make good use of this material and feel secure in the knowledge that the book is not going to go out of print. Finally, the price is right."
SIAM Review, Book Reviews, December 2007

 Download Linear Algebra Book & Presentation
Twitter Facebook

August 24, 2017 , , , , , ,


Code Complete 2nd Edition Is a Book Based on The Software Construction

What is software construction ? 



Software Construction is the process which converts Software Design into executable computer programs. This involves tasks like Coding, Testing, Debugging and maintenance of source code. The main goal of the software construction phase is to ensure a consistent style of programming making the programs well structured, having fewer errors and easy to understand and maintain.

 It is also a challenge to ensure that the software developers follow the key design principles allowing code reuse, thus decreasing the cycle time and increase in quality and productivity of the developers. We work strictly on an Iterative development approach using Agile development methodology and a strong emphasis on robust coding standards accompanied by code comments and test driven development.

 Developers are responsible for the unit tests for the modules developed by them. Hence the modules are tested and ready for Continuous Integration of the project. This leads to short build cycles which in turn allows the stakeholders to review the project at the end of every iteration.

 Using the Agile Methodology, we can ensure that:

 Active user involvement is carried out for every aspect of the software being developed
Requirements are captured at a high level.
Though the requirements evolve over time, project moves in the right direction.
Development happens in small incremental releases which are iterative.
Developers focus more on frequent deliveries of the project.
Every feature is completed before moving on to the next one.
Testing is an integral part of the development phase, leading to a test driven development.
Software development is carried out in a more collaborative approach with all stakeholders.

1 Perspectives on Programming

 Programming is…

 a science (Gries)

 an art (Knuth)

 a process (Humphries)
like writing
Literate Programming (Knuth)
“Plan to throw one away; you will, anyhow.” (Brooks)
like farming (Brooks, Hunt, Thomas)
like oyster farming
like hunting werewolves (Brooks)
like construction (McConnell)

2 Software Construction

 from McConnell, Code Complete, 2004, Ch 1
The collection of activities that actually produce the working software.

 Coding and debugging at the center, plus supporting activities

 Excludes management, reqts. analysis, architectural design, UI design, acceptance testing, maintenance

 “the only activity that’s guaranteed to be done” (McConnell)
the fun part!
Importance of Construction

 central activity (30-80% of total project effort)

 the “climax” of the development project:

 everything else builds up to or eases down from construction
The product (source code) is often the only accurate and up-to-date description of the system.
a favorite tenet of agile advocates
Questions

 from McConnell, Code Complete, 2004, Ch 1
How would this picture change for incremental / agile projects?

 What other changes have been made in last 10-15 years?

 3 Key Construction Decisions

 Some of the key decisions to be made before entering or during the early part of software construction:

 3.1 Choice of Programming Language

 What are the factors that would influence this?

 Expressiveness & Readability
“You save time when you don’t need to have a rewards ceremony every time a C statement does what it’s supposed to.”

 Familiarity
Programmers with 3 or more yrs. experience are 30% more effective than similar programmers working in a new language (Boehm, COCOMO)
Platform & Tool support
Library support
3.2 Programming Conventions

 Naming conventions
Documentation conventions
Modularity conventions
Style guides
3.3 Construction Practices

 Coding
Up front versus incremental design (& reqts)
Architectural decisions (e.g., error handling)
Teamwork
Team organization & roles
Integration process
Quality Assurance
Testing standards and procedures
Inspections, Pair programming
Who has eyes on the code?
Tools
Version control
Language & compiler choices
language versions & features
Frameworks
Configuration control
Integration tools
4 Looking Ahead

 Through the rest of the semester we will look at

 Unit testing
Build managers
Version control
Documentation tools
Configuration managers
System & regression test
Code analysis tools

Download Code Complete 2nd Edition

Contact Form

Name

Email *

Message *

Powered by Blogger.
Javascript DisablePlease Enable Javascript To See All Widget